Amazon Leaf Fish

Amazon leaf fish (Monocirrhus polyacanthus), also known as South American leaf fish, are fascinating freshwater fish known for their camouflage and predatory behavior. Here’s a guide to keeping them successfully in an aquarium:

Tank Setup

1. Tank Size:

   • Minimum of 30 gallons for a single fish.
   • Larger tanks are better for groups or if housing with tankmates.

2. Water Conditions:

   • Temperature: 7582F (2428C).
   • pH: 6.07.0 (preferably slightly acidic).
   • Hardness: Soft to moderately hard water (010 dGH).
   • Filtration: Provide a strong filter to maintain water quality but ensure the current isnt too strong.

3. Decor and Substrate:

   • Use driftwood, leaf litter, and plants to mimic their natural habitat.
   • Add hiding spots with caves and dense vegetation.
   • A sandy or fine gravel substrate is ideal.

4. Lighting:

   • Dim lighting to match their natural environment and reduce stress.

Diet

• Amazon leaf fish are carnivorous and ambush predators. They require a diet of live or frozen meaty foods.
  • Live options: Small feeder fish, bloodworms, brine shrimp, or small insects.
  • Frozen options: Thawed bloodworms, krill, or shrimp.
• They may not accept dry food, especially initially. Training them to accept frozen food can take time.

Behavior and Tankmates

1. Temperament:

   • Predatory and territorial.
   • Slow-moving and solitary by nature.

2. Tankmates:

   • Avoid small fish that can fit in their mouths (they will be eaten).
   • Good companions: Similar-sized, peaceful fish like angelfish, larger tetras, or catfish.

3. Group Dynamics:

   • Can be kept singly or in small groups, but watch for territorial disputes.

Maintenance

1. Water Quality:

   • Perform regular water changes (2030% weekly).
   • Maintain stable water parameters to prevent stress and disease.

2. Observation:

   • Monitor for signs of stress or illness (e.g., loss of appetite, lethargy, or abnormal swimming).
   • They are prone to fungal and bacterial infections if water quality is poor.

Breeding

• Breeding in captivity is challenging due to their specific requirements.
• They are substrate spawners and lay eggs on leaves or flat surfaces.
• After spawning, males often guard the eggs, but rearing the fry requires a supply of very small live foods like infusoria.

By replicating their natural environment and catering to their specific needs, Amazon leaf fish can thrive in a home aquarium. Their unique appearance and predatory behavior make them a rewarding fish to keep for experienced aquarists.