Sphaerichthys vaillanti (Samurai Gourami)

The Samurai Gourami (Sphaerichthys vaillanti) is a beautiful and fascinating freshwater fish species belonging to the gourami family (Osphronemidae). Heres an overview of the species:

General Information

• Common Name: Samurai Gourami
• Scientific Name: Sphaerichthys vaillanti
• Family: Osphronemidae
• Native Habitat: Found primarily in peat swamp forests of Borneo, Indonesia, and other nearby regions. These waters are typically very acidic, with a pH between 3.0 and 5.0, due to decomposing organic matter.

Appearance

• Size: Reaches an average size of 45 cm (approximately 1.52 inches).
• Coloration: Noted for its shimmering metallic hues, which can range from reddish-brown to bronze. The fins often have striking patterns and a bluish or greenish tint.
• Sexual Dimorphism: Males are generally more vibrant in color and have pointed dorsal and anal fins compared to the rounded fins of females.

Behavior

• Temperament: Peaceful and shy, making them suitable for community tanks with other non-aggressive species.
• Social Structure: Prefer being in small groups but can exhibit territoriality, especially during breeding.
• Breeding: Known for mouthbrooding; the male typically incubates the eggs in his mouth until the fry are ready to swim freely.

Tank Requirements

• Water Parameters:
  • Temperature: 2428C (7582F)
  • pH: 3.06.5 (acidic)
  • Hardness: Soft water is ideal.
• Tank Setup:
  • Include plenty of plants and driftwood to mimic their natural habitat.
  • Dim lighting and a dark substrate help make them feel secure.
  • Ensure good water quality, as they are sensitive to changes in water chemistry.

Diet

• Natural Diet: In the wild, they feed on small invertebrates and microorganisms.
• Aquarium Diet: Will accept high-quality flake food, small live foods (e.g., brine shrimp, daphnia), and frozen food. A varied diet is essential to maintain their health and coloration.

Conservation

• Status: Habitat loss due to deforestation and peat swamp destruction poses a threat to their natural populations. Maintaining suitable habitats is critical for their survival.

The Samurai Gourami is a gem for experienced aquarists who can meet their specific environmental and care needs. Their stunning appearance and unique behaviors make them a prized addition to specialized aquariums.